Arms exports, joint industrial programmes and resilient supply chains have ceased to be a commercial matter and have become instruments of state policy. Security today is also — perhaps above all — built through the economy, because a country that is a supplier holds a different position in an alliance than a country that only buys.
Offsets are the first and most contentious point of this conversation. We ask whether the offset agreements concluded so far have genuinely transferred technology or merely generated orders, and what industrial cooperation with allies, regional cooperation and the attraction of foreign investment to the defence and maritime sectors look like.
The central question is how to turn record defence spending into a lasting industrial and export advantage. Spending by itself does not create industry, and Poland’s history of purchases without a real transfer of competencies is well documented. The panel closes the substantive part of the forum, tying together the threads of industry, security and the economy raised across both days.